Fruit of the Spirit

The Roman destruction of Judea

Events in Judah, Egypt, Rome and Mesopotamia from the 3700th Year of the World to the 4100th Year of the World

Part of our series of timeline studies:

The period starts with Judea a captured province of Rome.

By the end of this period Judea has ceased to exist, the land renamed and the people sold into slavery. The power that Rome has become is corroding from the inside, and the Church of Rome is preparing to assume secular control of the empire.

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In this table dates are listed both in the Hebrew Year of the World (AM) and the western bce/ce. AM dates count up from leaving Eden, while the bce dates count down to Jesus and then start up.

Dates included are honest best estimates based on compiling available research into a consistent chronology.

Go to the prior (3400-3700) period.

AM	bce/ce.	Event
3700	61	Decade and Century
c.3700	c.61	General Pompey, Marcus Licinius Crassus and Gaius Julius Caesar form a power coalition called the First Triumvirate.
3702	59	Gaius Julius Caesar gains millitary command of Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum.
3703	58	Cleopatra VI Tryphaena and her sister Berenice become co-pharaohs.
3706	55	General Pompey and Marcus Licinius Crassus rule Rome as Consuls.
3706	55	Ptolemy XIII Neos Dionysos becomes Pharaoh again.
3707	54	General Pompey becomes Governor of Spain and Roman Africa. Marcus Licinius Crassus becomes Governor of Syria.
3708	53	Parthian forces defeat Romans at Carrhae, Marcus Licinius Crassus killed and 34,000 legionnaires lost.
3708	53	Marcus Licinius Crassus death causes turmoil in Rome.
3709	52	Ptolemy XIV becomes Pharaoh.
3709	52	Cleopatra VI becomes Queen of Egypt.
3709	52	General Pompey rules Rome as sole Consul.
3710	51	Decade
3711	50	Aristobulus II Murdered in Rome, probably by order of Pompey.
3712	49	Gaius Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon River with his Legions. Start of Roman Civil War
3712	49	Julius Caesar defeats the forces of General Pompey's Legates in Spain.
3713	48	Julius Caesar defeats the forces of General Pompey at Pharsalus in Greece.
3713	48	Death of General Pompey in Egypt.
3713	48	Ptolemy XVI Caesar born to Cleopatra VI and Julius Caesar.
3714	47	Ptolemy XV becomes Pharaoh.
3715	46	Antipater made Procurator of the Roman Province of Judea, his son Herod made Governor of Galilee.
3716	45	Julius Caesar defeats the last forces of the opposition in Spain and is declared Dictator for Life.
3717	44	Ptolemy XVI Caesar becomes Pharaoh.
3717	44	Julius Caesar, Dictator for Life, is Assasinated by the Senate.
3717	44	Mark Antony, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Julius Caesar Octavianus form the Second Triumvirate.
3720	41	Decade
3721	40	Rome appoints Herod King of Judea at the urging of Mark Antony.
3724	37	King Herod "the Great" captures Jerusalem.
3726	35	King Herod builds a fortress against the north wall of the Temple, at the western end of the wall. This fortress, named "Antonia" in honor of Mark Antony, strengthens the northern defenses of Jerusalem
3730	31	Decade
3730	31	Battle of Actium.
3730	31	Mark Antony commits suicide.
3730	31	Cleopatra VI, the Queen of Egypt, commits suicide.
3730	31	Julius Caesar Octavianus Assumes command of Rome as Consul.
3731	30	Ptolemy XVI Caesar executed by order of Julius Caesar Octavianus, end of Ptolemy dynasty.
3740	21	Decade
3742	19	Herod begins preparing stones for the rebuilding of the Temple.
3743	18	Herod starts actual rebuilding of the Temple.
3744	17	Julius Caesar Octavianus becomes "Imperator Caesar Augustus".
3750	11	Decade
3751	10	Herod dedicates the Temple, still under reconstruction.
3756	5	John the Baptist born (year approximate).
3756	5	Jesus the Nazarene born (year approximate).
3757	4	Herod the Great dies.
3759	2	Archelaus executes a group of Pharisees in Jericho.
3759	2	Rebelion breaks out in Judea, led by Messianic leaders.
3760	1	Decade
3760	1	Publius Quintilius Varus, governor of Syria, sends three of his legions to Suppress the Judean Rebelion.
3761	1	The three legions burn several cities, crucify 2,000, and return to Syria with 3,000 captives to sell as slaves.
3761	1	Publius Quintilius Varus returns from Syria to Rome in triumph, is assigned to the north-east frontier.
3769	9	Battle of Teutoburg Forest, Legions XVII, XVIII and XIX, under the leadership of Publius Quintilius Varus, are massacred and their Eagles lost. These numbers were never used for any later Legion
3770	10	Decade
3774	14	Tiberius Claudius Nero becomes Imperator Tiberius.
3777	17	Two of the Eagle standards lost in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest are recovered.
3780	20	Decade
3782	22	John the Baptizer begins dipping people in the Jordan, then sending them "Up the west bank by the Jericho Road" to await the Messiah.
3786	26	Pontius Pilate appointed Roman prefect of Judea by Tiberius.
3787	27	Herod Antipas marries Herodias, daughter of his half brother Aristobulus and wife of his half brother Philip.
3787	27	Herod Antipas's Nabatean wife of about thirty years, fearing for her life, runs to her father, King Aretas (it is suggested that her name was Doris, but that notice is questionable).
3790	30	Decade
3791	31	Romans judicialy murder Jesus by crucifixion, 14th of Nisan (traditional date without real evidence).
3796	36	Pontius Pilate recalled to Rome.
3797	37	Joseph ben Mattathias is born in Jerusalem (became the author Flavius Josephus).
3797	37	Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus(known by his nickname Caligula) becomes Imperator.
3799	39	In a dispute, Herod Agrippa accuses Herod Antipas of conspiring with Parthians. Antipas is exiled to Gaul instead of crucified, Herodias chooses to go with him. Herod Agrippa made King of Judea as reward.

AM	ce.	Event
3800	40	Decade and Century
3801	41	Third (and final) Eagle standard lost in the Battle of Teutoburg Forest is recovered.
3801	41	Tiberius Claudius Drusus becomes Imperator Claudius.
3801	41	Agrippa, king of Judea, starts building a new, third, city wall on the North of Jerusalem.
3803	43	Rome invades the island of Britania.
3804	44	Death of Herod Agrippa.
3809	49	Claudius marries Agrippina and adopts her son Lucius Domitus Ahenobarbus under the name "Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus"
3810	50	Decade
3814	54	Nero becomes Imperator on the death of Claudius.
3820	60	Decade
3820	60	Queen Boudicca of the Icceni rebels against Rome. Quickly put down.
3822	62	Judicial murder of James the Just.
3823	63	Temple rebuilding completed.
3825	65	Nero orders that a statue of himself as a God be placed in all temples of the Empire, including the one in Jerusalem...
3825	65	Joseph ben Mattathias returns from his mission to Rome.
3826	66	The Great Revolt, Romans driven out of Jerusalem. Zealots occupy Masada
3826	66	Cestius Gallus marches Legion XII Fulminata from Syria to put down the revolt.
3826	66	Legion XII Fulminata is chased back to Syria, losing its Aquila and many men in the battle.
3827	67	Nero orders "Destroy Jerusalem, level their Temple"
3828	68	A captive of the Romans, Joseph ben Mattathias predicts that Vespasian will become Emperor.
3829	69	The year of the Four Caesars, Civil war in Rome on the death of Nero.
3829	69	Vespasian is the last contender for Caesar, takes the throne.
3830	70	Decade
3830	70	2,500,000 gather in Jerusalem for Passover.
3830	70	Titus brings Legion XV Apollinaris into the siege of Jerusalem.
3830	70	Titus calls in Legion III Augusta from Egypt and Legion XII Fulminata from Syria (again).
3830	70	Legion V Macedonica march from Emmaus and Legion X Fretensis from Jericho to join the siege of Jerusalem.
3830	70	Titus captures Jerusalem with over 1,300,000 jewish dead.
3830	70	The Second Temple, recently rebuilt, burned by Romans on the 9th of Av.
3833	73	With the aid of slave labor from Jerusalem, Legion X Fretensis enters the fortress of Masada, but without being able to sell the defenders as slaves.
3835	75	Joseph ben Mattathias is adopted into the family of Vespasian, as Flavius Josephus.
3836	76	Hadrian is born.
3838	78	Flavius Josephus' first work, "The Wars of the Jews", is published.
3839	79	Titus becomes Caesar.
3839	79	Coliseum, built with the treasures Titus looted from Judea, opens in Rome.
3839	79	Mount Vesuvius erupts "August 23, 79 AD".
3840	80	Decade
3841	81	Domitian becomes Caesar.
3850	90	Decade
3856	96	Marcus Cocceius Nerva becomes Caesar.
3858	98	Flavius Josephus publishes "The Antiquities of the Jews" as a defense of Jewish culture.
3858	98	Trajan becomes Caesar.
3860	100	Decade
3864	104	Trajan orders the re-excavation of the Red Sea canal, work begins.
3865	105	Trajan accuses Petra of conspiring with Parthia, enslaves populace.
3870	110	Decade
3874	114	Trajan takes Armenia from the Parthian Empire.
3875	115	Jews in Mesopotamia begin Kitos War of rebelion; riots spread to Syria, Cyprus, Judea, Egypt and Libya. It is never determined if the rebelion was started by Parthians, or just took advantage of Roman distraction.
3876	116	Trajan takes Assyria and Chaldea from the Parthian Empire.
3877	117	Hadrian becomes Caesar.
3877	117	Hadrian orders a fallback from Trajan's greatest conquest to a defensive line at the Euphrates.
3880	120	Decade
3882	122	Hadrian has a wall built across Britania to keep the Picts from invading.
3890	130	Decade
3890	130	Hadrian visits Jerusalem, announces plan to restore the ruined city to it's splendor before Titus' siege. The plan includes statues of Jupiter and of the deified Caesars in the Temple. Circumcision is outlawed.
3890	130	Hadrian moves on to Egypt in his inspection tour of the Roman Empire.
3892	132	Bar Kochba's Revolt, Romans driven out of Jerusalem. Jerusalem again the Capital.
3895	135	Emperor Hadrian's total destruction of Jerusalem.
3895	135	Judea renamed "Palestine" in honor of the Philistines/Phoenecians, as part of erasing the troublesome Jews from history.
3895	135	Emperor Hadrian's building of new walls and a new city named Aelia Capitolina, on the site of Jerusalem.
3895	135	Jews not allowed within sight of Aelia Capitolina on pain of crucifixion.
3898	138	Antonius Pius becomes Caesar.

AM	ce.	Event
3900	140	Decade and Century
3910	150	Decade
3920	160	Decade
3921	161	Marcus Aurelius becomes Caesar.
3921	161	Verus leads Roman war against Parthia with some early success.
3926	166	Verus' troops return from Parthia, plague strikes Rome.
3930	170	Decade
3940	180	Decade
3940	180	Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus becomes Caesar.
3950	190	Decade
3952	192	Publius Helvius Pertinax becomes Caesar.
3952	192	Didus Severus Julianus becomes Caesar.
3953	193	Lucius Septimus Severus becomes Caesar.
3955	195	Severus campaigns against Parthia.
3957	197	Severus captures Ctesiphon.
3960	200	Decade
3970	210	Decade
3971	211	Caracalla becomes Caesar uppon the natural death of his father, orders the death of everyone who blocked his attempts to murder his father sooner.
3977	217	Finished with the bloodbath in Rome, Caracalla campaigns against Parthia with some success before he is assassinated.
3977	217	Heliogabalus becomes Caesar.
3980	220	Decade
3982	222	Alexander Severus becomes Caesar.
3990	230	Decade
3995	235	Alexander Severus dies and confusion prevails.

AM	ce.	Event
4000	240	Decade and Century
4010	250	Decade
4020	260	Decade
4028	268	Claudius II Gothicus becomes Caesar.
4030	270	Aurelian becomes Caesar.
4030	270	Decade
4035	275	Aurelian dies.
4040	280	Decade
4042	282	After a long time planning, a combined Roman force attacks Parthian Persia.
4043	283	Carus dies in battle, Numerian and Carinus are assassinated.
4044	284	Surviving Roman leader Diocletian becomes Caesar.
4046	286	Diocletian names Maximian co-Augustus.
4050	290	Decade
4053	293	Diocletian and Maximian name Generals Galerius and Constantius as subordinate Caesars.
4053	293	Diocletian administers Thrace, Egypt and Asia from Nicomedia.
4053	293	Maximian administers Italy and Africa from Mediolanum.
4053	293	Galerius administers the Danubian provinces from Sirmium.
4053	293	Constantius administers Gaul, Spain and Britain from Augusta Treverorum.
4060	300	Decade
4065	305	Diocletian and Maximian abdicate, Galerius and Constantius advance to Augustus and name new subordinate Caesars. Questions of succesion lead to civil war.
4070	310	Decade
4072	312	Constantine I becomes Caesar of the Eastern provinces.
4072	312	Constantine I declares the Roman Catholic Church the official state religion of the Roman Empire.
4072	312	Shifting of all culpability for the murders of John the Baptist, Jesus the Nazarene, and James the Just from the Roman Occupation Army to the Jews becomes a political imperative.
4080	320	Decade
4084	324	Battle of Chrysopolis; Constantine is now Caesar of a united Roman Empire.
4086	325	Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine, begins constructing Roman Catholic Churches on any potential archaologic site.
4090	330	Decade
4090	330	Constantine moves his capital from Nicomedia to Byzantium.
4097	337	Constantine I dies - civil war resumes.

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