Fruit of the Spirit

The Greeks and Maccabee

Events in Judah, Egypt, Rome and Mesopotamia from the 3400th Year of the World to the 3700th Year of the World

One of a series of timeline studies:

The period starts with Judea a quiet part of the Persian empire. The first change is the defeat of the Persians by Alexander and the dividing of power between the Greek Generals. General Ptolemy takes Egypt, and Judea as the gateway to Egypt becomes Ptolemaic property. The Seleucids in Syria to the North and east are always trying to push the Ptolemys, and the Village of Rome is growing into a power.

As the period ends the Romans absorb Judea as a province and mop up the remains of the Seleucid empire. Only Egypt remains of the ancient empires to chalenge Roman power.

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In this table dates are listed both in the Hebrew Year of the World (AM) and the western bce/ce. AM dates count up from leaving Eden, while the bce dates count down to Jesus.

Dates included are honest best estimates based on compiling available research into a consistent chronology.

Go to the prior (3200-3400) period.

AM	bce.	Event
3400	361	Decade and Century
3403	358	Ochus becomes Shah Artaxerxes III of the Persian Empire on his father's death.
3410	351	Decade
3420	341	Decade
3422	339	Arses becomes Shah Artaxerxes IV of the Persian Empire when his father is poisoned.
3424	337	Codomannus becomes Shah Darius III of the Persian Empire when Arses is poisoned.
3424	337	Philip of Macedonia begins his campaign against Persia's Anatolian holdings as Hegemon of the League of Corinth
3425	336	Vizier Bagoas is executed for attempting to poison Darius.
3425	336	Philip of Macedonia dies of poison, his son Alexander III begins consolidating power as the new Hegemon of the League.
3426	335	Alexander of Macedonia begins his campaign against Darius and the Persian Empire with a victory at Granicus in Anatolia
3427	334	Alexander beseiges and captures Tyre, the last Phoenecian Empire trading port in the Levant
3428	333	Alexander Conquers Egypt and orders the Building of Alexandria
3428	333	Antigonos I Monopthalmus appointed Satrap of Greater Phyrigia
3429	332	Alexander defeats Darius at Gaugamela ending the Persian Empire
3430	331	Decade
3438	323	Death of Alexander in Babylon
3438	323	Wars of Succession between the Diadochi begin - Perdiccas made regent of Alexander's realm, Antigonos gains Pamphylia and Lycia, Seleucus is Satrap of Babylonia and Ptolemy is Satrap of Syria and Egypt.
3440	321	Decade
3440	321	Perdiccas dies and Antipater is made regent of the realm
3441	320	Ptolemy I Soter captures Jerusalem.
3442	319	Antipater dies and Polyperchon is made regent of the realm
3446	315	Antigonos invades Babylonia and seizes Babylon.
3447	314	Antigonos invades Syria.
3449	312	Seleucus I Nicator recovers Babylon from Antigonos.
3449	312	Official First Year of the Greek Empire.
3450	311	Decade
3455	306	Antigonos declares himself King of the Greek Empire.
3456	305	Ptolemy I Soter proclaims himself Pharaoh of Egypt.
3456	305	Seleucus I Nicator assumes the title "King".
3460	301	Decade
3460	301	Antigonos is killed in the battle of Ipsus. Alexander's former Diadochi abandon all pretense of a unified Empire and rule their satrapies as Kingdoms.
3469	292	Antiochus I Soter joins his father, Seleucus I Nicator, as co-regent.
3470	291	Decade
3477	284	Ptolemy II Philadelphus becomes Pharaoh.
3480	281	Decade
3481	280	Antiochus I Soter assumes sole rule on the death of his father, Seleucus I Nicator.
3490	271	Decade
3497	264	Start of the First Punic War (Carthage and Rome).

AM	bce.	Event
3500	261	Decade and Century
3500	261	Antiochus II Theos becomes king on the assasination of Antiochus I Soter.
3510	251	Decade
3515	246	Seleucus II Callinicus becomes king.
3515	246	Ptolemy III Euergetes I becomes Pharaoh.
3520	241	Decade
3520	241	End of the First Punic War. Rome takes Sicily from Carthage.
3521	240	Carthage establishes bases on the Spanish penninsula.
3530	231	Decade
3536	225	Seleucus III Soter becomes king.
3538	223	Antiochus III becomes king.
3539	222	Ptolemy IV Philopater becomes Pharaoh.
3540	221	Decade
3543	218	Carthaginian General Hanibal invades Italy over the Alps from the Spanish penninsula, starting the Second Punic War.
3550	211	Decade
3556	205	Ptolemy V Epiphanes becomes Pharaoh.
3557	204	Carthage recalls General Hanibal to Africa. Hanibal's forces engage Roman forces under Scipio Africanus in Carthaginian North Africa.
3521	240	Rome defeats Carthage ending the Second Punic War.
3560	201	Decade
3563	198	Seleucid empire captures Jerusalem
3570	191	Decade
3574	187	Seleucus IV Philopater becomes king.
3580	181	Decade
3581	180	Ptolemy VI Philometor becomes Pharaoh.
3586	175	Antiochus IV Epiphanes becomes king.
3586	175	Queen Cleopatra II becomes Soverign of Upper Egypt (wife of Ptolemy VI Philometor).
3590	171	Decade
3590	171	Seleucid king Antiochus IV invades Eygypt, imposes demands on Philometor and Cleopatra.
3591	170	Antiochus IV invades Eygypt again, seige of Alexandria is broken by Romans under Gaius Popilus Laenus.
3592	169	Antiochus IV retreats from Alexandria to Jerusalem, confiscates the Temple Treasures, sets up altar to Zeus and outlaws Judaism.
3593	168	The book of Daniel is un-sealed and circulated.
3593	168	Rome conquers Macedonia in the battle of Pydna.
3595	166	The priest Mattathias begins Hasmonean revolt.
3597	164	Judah ben Mattathias (The Maccabee) recaptures Jerusalem and restores the Temple Service.
3598	163	Antiochus V Eupator becomes king.
3599	162	Demetrius I Soter becomes king.

AM	bce.	Event
3600	161	Decade and Century
3601	160	Jonathan ben Mattathias assumes the leadership of the revolt upon the death of Judah.
3601	160	Demetrius I Soter recalls his garrisons to deal with unrest at home.
3610	151	Decade
3611	150	Alexander Balas becomes king.
3611	150	Alexander Balas appoints Jonathan ben Mattathias as High Priest of the Zion Temple and Governor of the Judean province.
3612	149	Start of the Third Punic War.
3615	146	End of the Third Punic War. General Scipio Africanus captures and destroys Carthage.
3615	146	End of Carthage, the last Capital city in the long history (known to Abraham in 1845, fell in 3615, 1770 years later) of the Phoenecian Trading Empire.
3616	145	Demetrius II Nicator and Antiochus VI Epiphanes Dionysius become co-regents.
3616	145	Ptolemy VII Physcon Euergetes II becomes Pharaoh and husband of Cleopatra II.
3618	143	Simon ben Mattathias assumes the governorship when Tryphon kills Jonathan.
3619	142	Demetrius II Nicator becomes king on death of Antiochus VI Epiphanes Dionysius.
3620	141	Decade
3620	141	Seleucid Empire recognizes Judea as a Semi-autonomous Region.
3620	141	Rome recognizes Judea as a Fully-autonomous Region.
3622	139	Antiochus VII Sidetes becomes king when Parthians capture Demetrius II Nicator.
3627	134	Simon is assasinated by his son-in-law, and his son Hyrcanus I assumes the rule.
3630	131	Decade
3631	130	Antiochus VII Sidetes beseiges Jerusalem.
3632	129	Demetrius II Nicator becomes king (again) when Parthians kill Antiochus VII Sidetes.
3632	129	Demetrius II Nicator recognizes Judean full autonomy.
3633	128	Hyrcanus I begins the conquest of ancient Edom, now called Idumaea.
3636	125	Seleucus V and Antiochus VIII Philometor become co-regents.
3640	121	Decade
3640	121	Antiochus VIII Philometor becomes sole king.
3643	118	Cleopatra II steps down as ruler of Upper Egypt.
3645	116	Cleopatra III becomes Queen of Eygypt.
3645	116	Ptolemy X Soter II becomes Pharaoh.
3650	111	Decade
3651	110	Ptolemy XI Alexander I becomes Pharaoh.
3652	109	Ptolemy X Soter II becomes Pharaoh again.
3654	107	Ptolemy XI Alexander I becomes Pharaoh again.
3657	104	Aristobulus I assumes the rule. Corruption is rampant. the 'Pharisee' party develops in the priesthood, seeks political power. The traditional priesthood is now called 'Zaduccee.'
3657	104	The name 'Nazarene' comes into use for those who follow the doctrines of Amos, Hoseah, Micah and Jeremiah, and challenge priestly authority.
3658	103	Alexander Jannaeus assumes the rule, and appoints Antipas the Idumaean as governor of the Idumaean province.
3660	101	Decade
3660	101	Cleopatra IV Berenice becomes Queen of Eygypt (till 3673).
3665	96	Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator becomes king.
3666	95	Antiochus X Eusebes Philopator claims the throne.
3666	95	Demetrius III Eukairos Philopator Soter challenges Antiochus X (to 3673).
3669	92	Antiochus XI Epiphanes Philadelphus challenges Antiochus X.
3669	92	Philippus I Epiphanes Philadelphus challenges Antiochus X (to 3678).
3670	91	Decade
3671	90	The Italian allies rise in revolt, starting the Social War.
3673	88	Ptolemy X Soter II becomes Pharaoh again.
3673	88	Romans win the Social War by defeating Italians, but grant them Roman citizenship.
3674	87	Antiochus XII Dionysus challenges Antiochus X (to 3677).
3678	83	Tigranes of Armenia becomes king.
3680	81	Decade
3681	80	Ptolemy XII Alexander II becomes Pharaoh (assasinated).
3681	80	Ptolemy XIII Neos Dionysos becomes Pharaoh.
3685	76	When Alexander Jannaeus dies, his widow Salome (Shalom-zion) Alexandra assumes the rule, shifting political favor to the Pharisees.
3690	71	Decade
3690	71	The slaves of Rome revolt, led by the gladiator Spartacus. Standard Roman response - thousands are crucified.
3692	69	Antiochus XIII becomes king.
3694	67	Hyrcanus II assumes the throne on the death of his mother.
3695	66	Aristobulus II seizes the throne from his brother. Antipater, governor of Idumaea (son of Antipas) conspires with the Arabian Aretas of Petra to restore Hyrcanus to the throne.
3696	65	Aristobulus and Hyrcanus appeal to Rome to judge the matter.
3697	64	Philippus II becomes king.
3698	63	General Pompey marches into Jerusalem, declares Judea a Roman protectorate.
3698	63	Romans capture those western parts of the Seleucid Empire not already fallen to the Parthians.
3698	63	Hyrcanus set up as puppet king with Antipater as collector of Roman taxes, Aristobulus taken prisoner to Rome.

Continue to 3700-4100 period

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